Signs and Causes of Gum Disease in Kids

Posted on 7/15/2025 by NC Pediatric Dentisty

Young girl holding her cheek in discomfort while sitting in a dental chair, indicating a potential cavity.

Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is an infection of the gums that can damage the soft tissues and bones that support your teeth. It's a common problem that can affect people of all ages, including children. While it's often preventable with good oral hygiene, it's important to be aware of the signs and causes of gum disease in kids so you can catch it early and get treatment.

Signs of Gum Disease in Kids

There are several signs that your child may have gum disease. These include:

•	Red, swollen, or tender gums: This is one of the most common early signs of gum disease.
•	Bleeding gums: Gums that bleed easily, especially when brushing or flossing, are another common sign.
•	Receding gums: When the gums pull away from the teeth, it can expose the roots, making them more sensitive to cold and heat.
•	Loose teeth: This is a sign that the infection has damaged the bone that supports the teeth.
•	Pus between the teeth and gums: This is a sign of an active infection.
•	Persistent bad breath: This can be caused by bacteria in the mouth.

Causes of Gum Disease in Kids

The main cause of gum disease is poor oral hygiene. When plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, builds up on the teeth, it can irritate the gums and cause inflammation. If plaque isn't removed regularly, it can harden into calculus, also known as tartar. Calculus is more difficult to remove than plaque and can only be removed by a dental professional.

Other factors that can increase your child's risk of gum disease include:

•	Diet: A diet high in sugary foods and drinks can contribute to plaque buildup.
•	Smoking: Smoking can weaken the immune system and make it more difficult for the body to fight off infection.
•	Genetics: Some people are more susceptible to gum disease than others.
•	Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, can make it more difficult to control plaque buildup.

Prevention and Treatment of Gum Disease in Kids

The best way to prevent gum disease is to practice good oral hygiene. This includes brushing your child's teeth twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste, flossing once a day, and seeing a dentist for regular checkups and cleanings.

If your child is diagnosed with gum disease, there are a number of treatment options available. These may include scaling and root planing, which is a deep cleaning of the teeth and gums, and antibiotic therapy. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary.

Conclusion

Gum disease is a common problem that can affect children of all ages. By being aware of the signs and causes of gum disease, you can catch it early and get treatment. With proper treatment, most children with gum disease can make a full recovery.

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